/*
 * Copyright 1993-2015 NVIDIA Corporation.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Please refer to the NVIDIA end user license agreement (EULA) associated
 * with this source code for terms and conditions that govern your use of
 * this software. Any use, reproduction, disclosure, or distribution of
 * this software and related documentation outside the terms of the EULA
 * is strictly prohibited.
 *
 */

/*
    FFT-based Ocean simulation
    based on original code by Yury Uralsky and Calvin Lin

    This sample demonstrates how to use CUFFT to synthesize and
    render an ocean surface in real-time.

    See Jerry Tessendorf's Siggraph course notes for more details:
    http://tessendorf.org/reports.html

    It also serves as an example of how to generate multiple vertex
    buffer streams from CUDA and render them using GLSL shaders.
*/

#if defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN64) || defined(_WIN64)
#  define WINDOWS_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#  define NOMINMAX
#  include <windows.h>
#endif

// includes
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <helper_gl.h>

#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <cuda_gl_interop.h>
#include <cufft.h>

#include <helper_cuda.h>
#include <helper_functions.h>
#include <math_constants.h>

#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(MACOSX)
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
#include <GLUT/glut.h>
#else
#include <GL/freeglut.h>
#endif

#include <rendercheck_gl.h>

const char *sSDKsample = "CUDA FFT Ocean Simulation";

#define MAX_EPSILON 0.10f
#define THRESHOLD   0.15f
#define REFRESH_DELAY     10 //ms

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// constants
unsigned int windowW = 512, windowH = 512;

const unsigned int meshSize = 256;
const unsigned int spectrumW = meshSize + 4;
const unsigned int spectrumH = meshSize + 1;

const int frameCompare = 4;

// OpenGL vertex buffers
GLuint posVertexBuffer;
GLuint heightVertexBuffer, slopeVertexBuffer;
struct cudaGraphicsResource *cuda_posVB_resource, *cuda_heightVB_resource, *cuda_slopeVB_resource; // handles OpenGL-CUDA exchange

GLuint indexBuffer;
GLuint shaderProg;
char *vertShaderPath = 0, *fragShaderPath = 0;

// mouse controls
int mouseOldX, mouseOldY;
int mouseButtons = 0;
float rotateX = 20.0f, rotateY = 0.0f;
float translateX = 0.0f, translateY = 0.0f, translateZ = -2.0f;

bool animate = true;
bool drawPoints = false;
bool wireFrame = false;
bool g_hasDouble = false;

// FFT data
cufftHandle fftPlan;
float2 *d_h0 = 0;   // heightfield at time 0
float2 *h_h0 = 0;
float2 *d_ht = 0;   // heightfield at time t
float2 *d_slope = 0;

// pointers to device object
float *g_hptr = NULL;
float2 *g_sptr = NULL;

// simulation parameters
const float g = 9.81f;              // gravitational constant
const float A = 1e-7f;              // wave scale factor
const float patchSize = 100;        // patch size
float windSpeed = 100.0f;
float windDir = CUDART_PI_F/3.0f;
float dirDepend = 0.07f;

StopWatchInterface *timer = NULL;
float animTime = 0.0f;
float prevTime = 0.0f;
float animationRate = -0.001f;

// Auto-Verification Code
const int frameCheckNumber = 4;
int fpsCount = 0;        // FPS count for averaging
int fpsLimit = 1;        // FPS limit for sampling
unsigned int frameCount = 0;
unsigned int g_TotalErrors = 0;

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// kernels
//#include <oceanFFT_kernel.cu>

extern "C"
void cudaGenerateSpectrumKernel(float2 *d_h0,
                                float2 *d_ht,
                                unsigned int in_width,
                                unsigned int out_width,
                                unsigned int out_height,
                                float animTime,
                                float patchSize);

extern "C"
void cudaUpdateHeightmapKernel(float  *d_heightMap,
                               float2 *d_ht,
                               unsigned int width,
                               unsigned int height,
                               bool autoTest);

extern "C"
void cudaCalculateSlopeKernel(float *h, float2 *slopeOut,
                              unsigned int width, unsigned int height);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// forward declarations
void runAutoTest(int argc, char **argv);
void runGraphicsTest(int argc, char **argv);

// GL functionality
bool initGL(int *argc, char **argv);
void createVBO(GLuint *vbo, int size);
void deleteVBO(GLuint *vbo);
void createMeshIndexBuffer(GLuint *id, int w, int h);
void createMeshPositionVBO(GLuint *id, int w, int h);
GLuint loadGLSLProgram(const char *vertFileName, const char *fragFileName);

// rendering callbacks
void display();
void keyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y);
void mouse(int button, int state, int x, int y);
void motion(int x, int y);
void reshape(int w, int h);
void timerEvent(int value);

// Cuda functionality
void runCuda();
void runCudaTest(char *exec_path);
void generate_h0(float2 *h0);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Program main
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    printf("NOTE: The CUDA Samples are not meant for performance measurements. Results may vary when GPU Boost is enabled.\n\n");

    // check for command line arguments
    if (checkCmdLineFlag(argc, (const char **)argv, "qatest"))
    {
        animate       = false;
        fpsLimit = frameCheckNumber;
        runAutoTest(argc, argv);
    }
    else
    {
        printf("[%s]\n\n"
               "Left mouse button          - rotate\n"
               "Middle mouse button        - pan\n"
               "Right mouse button         - zoom\n"
               "'w' key                    - toggle wireframe\n", sSDKsample);

        runGraphicsTest(argc, argv);
    }

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//! Run test
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void runAutoTest(int argc, char **argv)
{
    printf("%s Starting...\n\n", argv[0]);

    // Cuda init
    int dev = findCudaDevice(argc, (const char **)argv);

    cudaDeviceProp deviceProp;
    checkCudaErrors(cudaGetDeviceProperties(&deviceProp, dev));
    printf("Compute capability %d.%d\n", deviceProp.major, deviceProp.minor);

    // create FFT plan
    checkCudaErrors(cufftPlan2d(&fftPlan, meshSize, meshSize, CUFFT_C2C));

    // allocate memory
    int spectrumSize = spectrumW*spectrumH*sizeof(float2);
    checkCudaErrors(cudaMalloc((void **)&d_h0, spectrumSize));
    h_h0 = (float2 *) malloc(spectrumSize);
    generate_h0(h_h0);
    checkCudaErrors(cudaMemcpy(d_h0, h_h0, spectrumSize, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));

    int outputSize =  meshSize*meshSize*sizeof(float2);
    checkCudaErrors(cudaMalloc((void **)&d_ht, outputSize));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaMalloc((void **)&d_slope, outputSize));

    sdkCreateTimer(&timer);
    sdkStartTimer(&timer);
    prevTime = sdkGetTimerValue(&timer);

    runCudaTest(argv[0]);

    checkCudaErrors(cudaFree(d_ht));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaFree(d_slope));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaFree(d_h0));
    checkCudaErrors(cufftDestroy(fftPlan));
    free(h_h0);

    exit(g_TotalErrors==0 ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//! Run test
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void runGraphicsTest(int argc, char **argv)
{
#if defined(__linux__)
    setenv ("DISPLAY", ":0", 0);
#endif

    printf("[%s] ", sSDKsample);
    printf("\n");

    if (checkCmdLineFlag(argc, (const char **)argv, "device"))
    {
        printf("[%s]\n", argv[0]);
        printf("   Does not explicitly support -device=n in OpenGL mode\n");
        printf("   To use -device=n, the sample must be running w/o OpenGL\n\n");
        printf(" > %s -device=n -qatest\n", argv[0]);
        printf("exiting...\n");

        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    }

    // First initialize OpenGL context, so we can properly set the GL for CUDA.
    // This is necessary in order to achieve optimal performance with OpenGL/CUDA interop.
    if (false == initGL(&argc, argv))
    {
        return;
    }

    findCudaDevice(argc, (const char **)argv);

    // create FFT plan
    checkCudaErrors(cufftPlan2d(&fftPlan, meshSize, meshSize, CUFFT_C2C));

    // allocate memory
    int spectrumSize = spectrumW*spectrumH*sizeof(float2);
    checkCudaErrors(cudaMalloc((void **)&d_h0, spectrumSize));
    h_h0 = (float2 *) malloc(spectrumSize);
    generate_h0(h_h0);
    checkCudaErrors(cudaMemcpy(d_h0, h_h0, spectrumSize, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));

    int outputSize =  meshSize*meshSize*sizeof(float2);
    checkCudaErrors(cudaMalloc((void **)&d_ht, outputSize));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaMalloc((void **)&d_slope, outputSize));

    sdkCreateTimer(&timer);
    sdkStartTimer(&timer);
    prevTime = sdkGetTimerValue(&timer);

    // create vertex buffers and register with CUDA
    createVBO(&heightVertexBuffer, meshSize*meshSize*sizeof(float));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaGraphicsGLRegisterBuffer(&cuda_heightVB_resource, heightVertexBuffer, cudaGraphicsMapFlagsWriteDiscard));

    createVBO(&slopeVertexBuffer, outputSize);
    checkCudaErrors(cudaGraphicsGLRegisterBuffer(&cuda_slopeVB_resource, slopeVertexBuffer, cudaGraphicsMapFlagsWriteDiscard));

    // create vertex and index buffer for mesh
    createMeshPositionVBO(&posVertexBuffer, meshSize, meshSize);
    createMeshIndexBuffer(&indexBuffer, meshSize, meshSize);

    runCuda();

    // register callbacks
    glutDisplayFunc(display);
    glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);
    glutMouseFunc(mouse);
    glutMotionFunc(motion);
    glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
    glutTimerFunc(REFRESH_DELAY, timerEvent, 0);

    // start rendering mainloop
    glutMainLoop();
}

float urand()
{
    return rand() / (float)RAND_MAX;
}

// Generates Gaussian random number with mean 0 and standard deviation 1.
float gauss()
{
    float u1 = urand();
    float u2 = urand();

    if (u1 < 1e-6f)
    {
        u1 = 1e-6f;
    }

    return sqrtf(-2 * logf(u1)) * cosf(2*CUDART_PI_F * u2);
}

// Phillips spectrum
// (Kx, Ky) - normalized wave vector
// Vdir - wind angle in radians
// V - wind speed
// A - constant
float phillips(float Kx, float Ky, float Vdir, float V, float A, float dir_depend)
{
    float k_squared = Kx * Kx + Ky * Ky;

    if (k_squared == 0.0f)
    {
        return 0.0f;
    }

    // largest possible wave from constant wind of velocity v
    float L = V * V / g;

    float k_x = Kx / sqrtf(k_squared);
    float k_y = Ky / sqrtf(k_squared);
    float w_dot_k = k_x * cosf(Vdir) + k_y * sinf(Vdir);

    float phillips = A * expf(-1.0f / (k_squared * L * L)) / (k_squared * k_squared) * w_dot_k * w_dot_k;

    // filter out waves moving opposite to wind
    if (w_dot_k < 0.0f)
    {
        phillips *= dir_depend;
    }

    // damp out waves with very small length w << l
    //float w = L / 10000;
    //phillips *= expf(-k_squared * w * w);

    return phillips;
}

// Generate base heightfield in frequency space
void generate_h0(float2 *h0)
{
    for (unsigned int y = 0; y<=meshSize; y++)
    {
        for (unsigned int x = 0; x<=meshSize; x++)
        {
            float kx = (-(int)meshSize / 2.0f + x) * (2.0f * CUDART_PI_F / patchSize);
            float ky = (-(int)meshSize / 2.0f + y) * (2.0f * CUDART_PI_F / patchSize);

            float P = sqrtf(phillips(kx, ky, windDir, windSpeed, A, dirDepend));

            if (kx == 0.0f && ky == 0.0f)
            {
                P = 0.0f;
            }

            //float Er = urand()*2.0f-1.0f;
            //float Ei = urand()*2.0f-1.0f;
            float Er = gauss();
            float Ei = gauss();

            float h0_re = Er * P * CUDART_SQRT_HALF_F;
            float h0_im = Ei * P * CUDART_SQRT_HALF_F;

            int i = y*spectrumW+x;
            h0[i].x = h0_re;
            h0[i].y = h0_im;
        }
    }
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//! Run the Cuda kernels
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void runCuda()
{
    size_t num_bytes;

    // generate wave spectrum in frequency domain
    cudaGenerateSpectrumKernel(d_h0, d_ht, spectrumW, meshSize, meshSize, animTime, patchSize);

    // execute inverse FFT to convert to spatial domain
    checkCudaErrors(cufftExecC2C(fftPlan, d_ht, d_ht, CUFFT_INVERSE));

    // update heightmap values in vertex buffer
    checkCudaErrors(cudaGraphicsMapResources(1, &cuda_heightVB_resource, 0));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaGraphicsResourceGetMappedPointer((void **)&g_hptr, &num_bytes, cuda_heightVB_resource));

    cudaUpdateHeightmapKernel(g_hptr, d_ht, meshSize, meshSize, false);

    // calculate slope for shading
    checkCudaErrors(cudaGraphicsMapResources(1, &cuda_slopeVB_resource, 0));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaGraphicsResourceGetMappedPointer((void **)&g_sptr, &num_bytes, cuda_slopeVB_resource));

    cudaCalculateSlopeKernel(g_hptr, g_sptr, meshSize, meshSize);

	checkCudaErrors(cudaGraphicsUnmapResources(1, &cuda_heightVB_resource, 0));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaGraphicsUnmapResources(1, &cuda_slopeVB_resource, 0));
}

void runCudaTest(char *exec_path)
{
    checkCudaErrors(cudaMalloc((void **)&g_hptr, meshSize*meshSize*sizeof(float)));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaMalloc((void **)&g_sptr, meshSize*meshSize*sizeof(float2)));

    // generate wave spectrum in frequency domain
    cudaGenerateSpectrumKernel(d_h0, d_ht, spectrumW, meshSize, meshSize, animTime, patchSize);

    // execute inverse FFT to convert to spatial domain
    checkCudaErrors(cufftExecC2C(fftPlan, d_ht, d_ht, CUFFT_INVERSE));

    // update heightmap values
    cudaUpdateHeightmapKernel(g_hptr, d_ht, meshSize, meshSize, true);

    {
        float *hptr = (float *)malloc(meshSize*meshSize*sizeof(float));
        cudaMemcpy((void *)hptr, (void *)g_hptr, meshSize*meshSize*sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
        sdkDumpBin((void *)hptr, meshSize*meshSize*sizeof(float), "spatialDomain.bin");

        if (!sdkCompareBin2BinFloat("spatialDomain.bin", "ref_spatialDomain.bin", meshSize*meshSize,
                                    MAX_EPSILON, THRESHOLD, exec_path))
        {
            g_TotalErrors++;
        }

        free(hptr);
    }

    // calculate slope for shading
    cudaCalculateSlopeKernel(g_hptr, g_sptr, meshSize, meshSize);

    {
        float2 *sptr = (float2 *)malloc(meshSize*meshSize*sizeof(float2));
        cudaMemcpy((void *)sptr, (void *)g_sptr, meshSize*meshSize*sizeof(float2), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
        sdkDumpBin(sptr, meshSize*meshSize*sizeof(float2), "slopeShading.bin");

        if (!sdkCompareBin2BinFloat("slopeShading.bin", "ref_slopeShading.bin", meshSize*meshSize*2,
                                    MAX_EPSILON, THRESHOLD, exec_path))
        {
            g_TotalErrors++;
        }

        free(sptr);
    }

    checkCudaErrors(cudaFree(g_hptr));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaFree(g_sptr));
}


//void computeFPS()
//{
//    frameCount++;
//    fpsCount++;
//
//    if (fpsCount == fpsLimit) {
//        fpsCount = 0;
//    }
//}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//! Display callback
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void display()
{
    // run CUDA kernel to generate vertex positions
    if (animate)
    {
        runCuda();
    }

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    // set view matrix
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glLoadIdentity();
    glTranslatef(translateX, translateY, translateZ);
    glRotatef(rotateX, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    glRotatef(rotateY, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);

    // render from the vbo
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, posVertexBuffer);
    glVertexPointer(4, GL_FLOAT, 0, 0);
    glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, heightVertexBuffer);
    glClientActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    glTexCoordPointer(1, GL_FLOAT, 0, 0);
    glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, slopeVertexBuffer);
    glClientActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
    glTexCoordPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, 0);
    glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);

    glUseProgram(shaderProg);

    // Set default uniform variables parameters for the vertex shader
    GLuint uniHeightScale, uniChopiness, uniSize;

    uniHeightScale = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProg, "heightScale");
    glUniform1f(uniHeightScale, 0.5f);

    uniChopiness   = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProg, "chopiness");
    glUniform1f(uniChopiness, 1.0f);

    uniSize        = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProg, "size");
    glUniform2f(uniSize, (float) meshSize, (float) meshSize);

    // Set default uniform variables parameters for the pixel shader
    GLuint uniDeepColor, uniShallowColor, uniSkyColor, uniLightDir;

    uniDeepColor = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProg, "deepColor");
    glUniform4f(uniDeepColor, 0.0f, 0.1f, 0.4f, 1.0f);

    uniShallowColor = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProg, "shallowColor");
    glUniform4f(uniShallowColor, 0.1f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);

    uniSkyColor = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProg, "skyColor");
    glUniform4f(uniSkyColor, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);

    uniLightDir = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProg, "lightDir");
    glUniform3f(uniLightDir, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
    // end of uniform settings

    glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);

    if (drawPoints)
    {
        glDrawArrays(GL_POINTS, 0, meshSize * meshSize);
    }
    else
    {
        glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indexBuffer);

        glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, wireFrame ? GL_LINE : GL_FILL);
        glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, ((meshSize*2)+2)*(meshSize-1), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0);
        glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);

        glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
    }

    glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
    glClientActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    glDisableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
    glClientActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
    glDisableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);

    glUseProgram(0);

    glutSwapBuffers();

    //computeFPS();
}

void timerEvent(int value)
{
    float time = sdkGetTimerValue(&timer);

    if (animate)
    {
        animTime += (time - prevTime) * animationRate;
    }

    glutPostRedisplay();
    prevTime = time;

    glutTimerFunc(REFRESH_DELAY, timerEvent, 0);
}

void cleanup()
{
    sdkDeleteTimer(&timer);
    checkCudaErrors(cudaGraphicsUnregisterResource(cuda_heightVB_resource));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaGraphicsUnregisterResource(cuda_slopeVB_resource));

    deleteVBO(&posVertexBuffer);
    deleteVBO(&heightVertexBuffer);
    deleteVBO(&slopeVertexBuffer);

    checkCudaErrors(cudaFree(d_h0));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaFree(d_slope));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaFree(d_ht));
    free(h_h0);
    cufftDestroy(fftPlan);
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//! Keyboard events handler
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void keyboard(unsigned char key, int /*x*/, int /*y*/)
{
    switch (key)
    {
        case (27) :
            cleanup();
            exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

        case 'w':
            wireFrame = !wireFrame;
            break;

        case 'p':
            drawPoints = !drawPoints;
            break;

        case ' ':
            animate = !animate;
            break;
    }
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//! Mouse event handlers
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void mouse(int button, int state, int x, int y)
{
    if (state == GLUT_DOWN)
    {
        mouseButtons |= 1<<button;
    }
    else if (state == GLUT_UP)
    {
        mouseButtons = 0;
    }

    mouseOldX = x;
    mouseOldY = y;
    glutPostRedisplay();
}

void motion(int x, int y)
{
    float dx, dy;
    dx = (float)(x - mouseOldX);
    dy = (float)(y - mouseOldY);

    if (mouseButtons == 1)
    {
        rotateX += dy * 0.2f;
        rotateY += dx * 0.2f;
    }
    else if (mouseButtons == 2)
    {
        translateX += dx * 0.01f;
        translateY -= dy * 0.01f;
    }
    else if (mouseButtons == 4)
    {
        translateZ += dy * 0.01f;
    }

    mouseOldX = x;
    mouseOldY = y;
}

void reshape(int w, int h)
{
    glViewport(0, 0, w, h);

    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluPerspective(60.0, (double) w / (double) h, 0.1, 10.0);

    windowW = w;
    windowH = h;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//! Initialize GL
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
bool initGL(int *argc, char **argv)
{
    // Create GL context
    glutInit(argc, argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH);
    glutInitWindowSize(windowW, windowH);
    glutCreateWindow("CUDA FFT Ocean Simulation");

    vertShaderPath = sdkFindFilePath("ocean.vert", argv[0]);
    fragShaderPath = sdkFindFilePath("ocean.frag", argv[0]);

    if (vertShaderPath == NULL || fragShaderPath == NULL)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error unable to find GLSL vertex and fragment shaders!\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // initialize necessary OpenGL extensions

    if (! isGLVersionSupported(2,0))
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Support for necessary OpenGL extensions missing.");
        fflush(stderr);
        return false;
    }

    if (!areGLExtensionsSupported("GL_ARB_vertex_buffer_object GL_ARB_pixel_buffer_object"))
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: failed to get minimal extensions for demo\n");
        fprintf(stderr, "This sample requires:\n");
        fprintf(stderr, "  OpenGL version 1.5\n");
        fprintf(stderr, "  GL_ARB_vertex_buffer_object\n");
        fprintf(stderr, "  GL_ARB_pixel_buffer_object\n");
        cleanup();
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // default initialization
    glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

    // load shader
    shaderProg = loadGLSLProgram(vertShaderPath, fragShaderPath);

    SDK_CHECK_ERROR_GL();
    return true;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//! Create VBO
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void createVBO(GLuint *vbo, int size)
{
    // create buffer object
    glGenBuffers(1, vbo);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, *vbo);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, 0, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);

    SDK_CHECK_ERROR_GL();
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//! Delete VBO
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void deleteVBO(GLuint *vbo)
{
    glDeleteBuffers(1, vbo);
    *vbo = 0;
}

// create index buffer for rendering quad mesh
void createMeshIndexBuffer(GLuint *id, int w, int h)
{
    int size = ((w*2)+2)*(h-1)*sizeof(GLuint);

    // create index buffer
    glGenBuffers(1, id);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, *id);
    glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, size, 0, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    // fill with indices for rendering mesh as triangle strips
    GLuint *indices = (GLuint *) glMapBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, GL_WRITE_ONLY);

    if (!indices)
    {
        return;
    }

    for (int y=0; y<h-1; y++)
    {
        for (int x=0; x<w; x++)
        {
            *indices++ = y*w+x;
            *indices++ = (y+1)*w+x;
        }

        // start new strip with degenerate triangle
        *indices++ = (y+1)*w+(w-1);
        *indices++ = (y+1)*w;
    }

    glUnmapBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
}

// create fixed vertex buffer to store mesh vertices
void createMeshPositionVBO(GLuint *id, int w, int h)
{
    createVBO(id, w*h*4*sizeof(float));

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, *id);
    float *pos = (float *) glMapBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, GL_WRITE_ONLY);

    if (!pos)
    {
        return;
    }

    for (int y=0; y<h; y++)
    {
        for (int x=0; x<w; x++)
        {
            float u = x / (float)(w-1);
            float v = y / (float)(h-1);
            *pos++ = u*2.0f-1.0f;
            *pos++ = 0.0f;
            *pos++ = v*2.0f-1.0f;
            *pos++ = 1.0f;
        }
    }

    glUnmapBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
}

// Attach shader to a program
int attachShader(GLuint prg, GLenum type, const char *name)
{
    GLuint shader;
    FILE *fp;
    int size, compiled;
    char *src;

    fp = fopen(name, "rb");

    if (!fp)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
    size = ftell(fp);
    src = (char *)malloc(size);

    fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
    fread(src, sizeof(char), size, fp);
    fclose(fp);

    shader = glCreateShader(type);
    glShaderSource(shader, 1, (const char **)&src, (const GLint *)&size);
    glCompileShader(shader);
    glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, (GLint *)&compiled);

    if (!compiled)
    {
        char log[2048];
        int len;

        glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, 2048, (GLsizei *)&len, log);
        printf("Info log: %s\n", log);
        glDeleteShader(shader);
        return 0;
    }

    free(src);

    glAttachShader(prg, shader);
    glDeleteShader(shader);

    return 1;
}

// Create shader program from vertex shader and fragment shader files
GLuint loadGLSLProgram(const char *vertFileName, const char *fragFileName)
{
    GLint linked;
    GLuint program;

    program = glCreateProgram();

    if (!attachShader(program, GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertFileName))
    {
        glDeleteProgram(program);
        fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't attach vertex shader from file %s\n", vertFileName);
        return 0;
    }

    if (!attachShader(program, GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragFileName))
    {
        glDeleteProgram(program);
        fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't attach fragment shader from file %s\n", fragFileName);
        return 0;
    }

    glLinkProgram(program);
    glGetProgramiv(program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &linked);

    if (!linked)
    {
        glDeleteProgram(program);
        char temp[256];
        glGetProgramInfoLog(program, 256, 0, temp);
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to link program: %s\n", temp);
        return 0;
    }

    return program;
}