Phylogeny of Kinectin

http://mcs.une.edu.au/~cwatson7/I/KinectinPhylogeny.htm

http://mcs.une.edu.au/~cwatson7/I/KTN1.xls

Kinectin is an integral membrane protein (160 kD) of the endoplasmic reticulum, binding to kinesin and is the membrane anchor for kinesin driven vesicle movement.

KTN1, the gene expressing kinectin has a 7 fold replication of DNA with exon sizes 69, 38 and 91. The corresponding intron phase pattern is 00200200200200200200200. This pattern is highly conserved in vertebrates, so alignment of coding sequences is unambiguous. Deletion of codons, introns and transition and transversion of nucleotides is clearly seen. Natural selection has conserved the coil structure and function of this gene. By comparing the evolutionarily "neutral" differences between sequences we observe the average number of differences in the 7 exons of length 91 is 49.5. The average differences of the 3 most conserved exons of length 91 in model vertebrate species relative to human (Hs) are 6.3, 11, 11.7, 22 and 39.3 for dog (Cf), mouse (Mm), rat (Rn), chicken (Gg) and zebra fish (Dr) respectively. Mutations increase with time, saturating at previously mutated locations and converge near 75% (69.25/91). This corresponds to the random match of 1 out of 4 nucleotides. Assuming a mutation rate of 1 out of 91 nucleotide changes every 2 million years, then the 7-block creation occurred 480 million years ago, the split between fish and mammals occurred 248 million years ago and the dog-human common ancestor is 18.6 million years old.

Age based on average differences of the 3 most conserved exons of length 91

	Exon14		Exon20		Exon23		Average	Age in Million years
Hs-Cf	4		8		7		6.33	18.62
Hs-Mm	15		9		9		11.00	34.97
Hs-Rn	16		10		9		11.67	37.53
Hs-Gg	23		25		18		22.00	86.57
Hs-Dr	52		29		37		39.33	247.56
		Hs		Cf	Mm	Gg	Average	Age
7-block creation		49.0		48.1	52.4	48.3	49.49	480.06

Exon lengths of model species aligned to reduce mutation distance

Dr 69,38,91,69,29, 91,69,38,91, 104, 70, 41,91

Gg 69,38,91,69,38,91,87,35,91,69,38,91,69,38,91,78, 38,91,69,38,91

Hs 69,38,91,69,38,82,69,35,91,69,38,91,69,38,91,69, 38,91,69,38,91

Rn 69,38,91,69,38,82,69,35,91,69,38,91,69,38,79, 38,91,69,17,91

Mm 69,38,91,69,38,82,69,35,91,69,38,91,69,38,91, 38,91,60,35,91

Cf 69,38,91,69,38,82,69,35,91,69,38,91,69,38,91,69, 38,91,69,38,91

Mutation distance of D. rerio vs G. gallus with all 7 exons of length 91

Gg-91	Ex-Dr_A	Ex-Dr_B	Ex-Dr_C	Ex-Dr_D	Ex-Dr_E
Exon13	51	49	53	67	56
Exon16	59	41	47	64	59
Exon19	51	34	44	62	57
Exon22	46	47	39	63	58
Exon25	55	50	54	60	50
Exon28	53	58	52	60	57
Exon31	51	60	61	48	43